There are five main
components of language are,
1.
Phonemes
2.
Morphemes
3.
Lexemes
4.
Syntax
5.
Context.
These
components work together with grammar, semantics, and pragmatics to create
meaningful communication between individuals.
1.
Phonemes
A phoneme is
one of the sound units in a particular language that distinguishes one word
from another. For example, in most English dialects, the sound patterns and two
separate words are distinguished by one phoneme being substituted for another.
2.
Morphemes
A morpheme
is a language's smallest grammatical unit. A morpheme is not the same as a
word, and the main difference between the two is that a morpheme may or may not
be standing alone, while a word is standing alone by definition.
Morphology is
the linguistic field of study dedicated to morphemes.
3.
Lexemes
A lexeme is
a lexical meaning unit that exists irrespective of how many inflectional
endings it may have or how many words it may contain. It is a fundamental unit
of meaning that is abstract.
4. Syntax
Syntax is
the set of rules, principles and processes in linguistics that govern the
structure of sentences in a given language, usually including word order. The
term syntax is also used to refer to these principles and processes being
studied.
5. Context
Context
refers to those objects or entities in semiotics, linguistics, sociology, and
anthropology that surround a focal event of some sort, typically a
communicative event in these disciplines. Context is "a framework that
surrounds the event and provides adequate interpretation resources."
Related: Content Vs Context